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Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization, is the process of drying a product under low temperatures and vacuum conditions. Specifically, it involves freezing the pre-treated material rapidly at low temperatures, then heating the material in a frozen and vacuum state to allow the solid (ice) within the material to sublime into vapor. The vapor is then condensed back into solid state using a cold trap, effectively removing moisture and preserving the product.

For food processing companies, freeze drying helps maintain the natural color and nutrients of food for an extended period, enhancing the value of the products.
For food trading companies, freeze drying facilitates international trade of food products, leading to higher profitability. For consumers, freeze-drying food retains the original taste and texture, with no chemical changes or loss of nutrients. It also has good rehydration nature, making it convenient for consumption.
Additionally, freeze-drying food is easy to store for a long time, doesn't require preservatives due to its high dehydration level, and has an extended shelf life at room temperature.

A freeze-drying system generally consists of several components, including a pre-freezing system, drying tank, refrigeration system, vacuum system, heating and cooling system, control system, and auxiliary systems.